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bias voltages

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lhwang6929:
dear all:
  There is speaking in VNL mannul"For high bias voltages the linear-response approximation is no longer valid",I want to ask, generally speaking how high bias voltages is  high?

Nordland:
I guess it is matter of opinion and to what degree one can accept the approximation of the linear-response approximation.
I have done two cases studies of it once, I will try to see if I can find them, however I remember a couple of things for sure.

If the system you are calculating on, is typical standard system without spin polarization and perhaps have ohmic resistance,
then it goes something like this.

--- Quote ---0-0.2 V Technical no deviation.
0.2V-0.4V Small deviation, but still within the model precision.
0.4V-0.7V Slightly deviation, but still shows the same behavior
0.7V-1.0V The deviation becomes more than 10-20%, and this could be considered high bias.
1.0V -      Typical large errors.

--- End quote ---
However if the target systems is a MTJ's (Magneto-Tunnel-Junction) like FeMgOFe, where you want to understand the details of the spin current
in order to calculate the spin-torque etc, then I would set 0.3 V as a "high voltage".

But there are no need to despair, since one can always use the fully selfconsistent calculate current functionality to get the right results.
Now I will go look, if I can find my case studies on this matter.

lhwang6929:
Thanks a lot!

Nordland:
I found this test example for Li-H2-Li, where I compare the Linear Response Current in ATK with the fully selfconsistent current from ATK.

I have attached the graph.

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