Let my first correct my previous answer a bit: You can use metal gates that extend all the way to the supercell boundaries. However, this is not likely to change your results.
Real-space derivative: What I mean is that Neumann boundary conditions impose the condition that the field is constant at the boundary, but imposes no conditions on the strength of the field at the boundary.
Field strength: Do you mean the electric field strength between the gates?
yes, i want to plot i-E curve , so i need to calculate the electric field strength in one gate and two gates model.
Thank you!
btw, for example , i calculate a ivcurve using bias=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 , the log file shows that bias=0.2V calculation didn't converge,but others converged. is the current value of bias= 0.4,0.6,0.8V real(useful)?